Our nanoadditives consist of quantum materials, designed for seamless incorporation within epoxy, fibre glass, metals, aggregate, ceramic and carbon fibre composite systems in order to enhance their durability, wear resistance and service lifetime.
The need for extensive service lifetime is particularly crucial for both safety, reliable performance in remote locations and especially, in circumstances where resources are minimal and maintenance is desirably kept to an essential minimum, without compromising system efficiency.
THE CHALLENGES
A major challenge encountered during the preparation of polymer matrix nanocomposites, is the ability to achieve a homogeneous dispersion of nanofillers, within the polymer.
Micrometer-sized clump agglomeration of in particular large nanoparticles (often > 30 nm in size) used in heavy loads tend to generate adverse effects on the thermal and mechanical properties of an epoxy, as a smaller number of reinforcing particles are present in other areas and aggregates may act as defect centers, which can act as crack initiators that lead to structural failure of the composite. Hence, this does not represent the true properties of a desired nanocomposite.
THE CORE CHALLENGE - GRAIN BOUNDARIES
Grain boundaries are two-dimensional defects in a crystal structure that tend to decrease the electrical & thermal conductivity of a material. Most grain boundaries are preferential sites for the onset of corrosion.
Grain boundaries are insurmountable borders for dislocations and the number of dislocations within a nanoparticle affects how stress builds up in the adjacent grain, eventually activating dislocation sources & thus enabling deformation in the neighbouring grain as well.
By reducing nanoparticle size, one can influence the number of dislocations piled up at the grain boundary and enhance its yield strength i.e. the maximum stress the nanoparticle tolerates before deformation begins.
WHY NANOARCHITECTURED QUANTUM MATERIALS ?
To significantly enhance the strength of a composite material, nanoparticle additives have to be able to prohibit the formation of grain boundaries. At a size of 10 nm, only one or two dislocations can fit inside a grain. In most materials this means nanoparticles well below 10 nm, as at larger nanoparticle sizes, secondary grain boundaries start to emerge.
Quantum materials are nanomaterials that typically have at least one dimension in the sub 20 nm size range and a very high surface area, which enables their usage in very minute quantities. A reduced load with increased strength provides an opportunity to create robust, lightweight composite systems.
With the implementation of synthesis routes to modify the crystal structure (atomic architecture/nanoarchitecture) of quantum materials, their performance and properties can be enhanced substantially beyond conventional size-induced properties.
EPOXY REINFORCEMENT
It is known that adding small quantities of nanoparticles for the reinforcement of composites enables a substantial qualitative improvement in the strength and stiffness of polymers. Composites with nanoparticle reinforced components are perceived to be an essential key addition to the longterm enhancement of rotor materials of the future.
HOW QUANTUM MATERIALS ACHIEVE IT
The presence of atomically-architectured quantum materials dispersed as nanoscopic fillers within an epoxy polymer potentiate a substantial enhancement in the tensile stress-strain behaviour of epoxy polymers as well as fracture resistance.
As the tensile load increases, a composite matrix tries to elongate in its usual way. However, the nanoscopic quantum material nanofillers resist such a deformation. This resistance to deformation resides in a lower extension at break which results from frictional restraints caused by the higher surface area of quantum materials, which enhance the interaction between them and the resin. This then results in a smaller deformation, enabling nanocomposites to sustain more loads and contribute to a higher tensile modulus than currently achievable in contemporary systems.
In addition to increased strength, further unique properties of quantum materials can be adopted, to diversify the functionality of composite systems e.g. increased radiation protection, enhanced heat transport, waterproofing, corrosion resistance and increased abrasion protection of for example, rotor blades.
CASE STUDY - ROTOR BLADES
Our atomically-architectured quantum materials for rotor blade reinforcement are designed to help :
increase rotor stability during low-g conditions on Earth & Mars
improve blade strength for low terrain flight on Earth as well as during future long-range Marsian planetary exploration
enhance abrasion and corrosion resistance in sandy, coarse (likely acidic) soil and humid or aquatic environments
enable lightweight & mechanically robust blade manufacture for increased efficiency and better resistance to fatigue under ever changing wind conditions.
PRODUCTS
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QM-ALLOY
NANOARCHITECTURE : Atomically Thin Sheets/Flakes ( < 1 nm Thickness)
SURFACE AREA (BET) : 635200 cm²/g
MOHS HARDNESS : 4.5
THERMAL STABILITY : Up to 1975 ° C (3587 ° F)
COLOUR : White Nanopowder
DOSAGE : ~ 0.001 - 0.05 wt % (depending on desired performance)
APPLICATIONS : For the enhanced reinforcement of metal alloys e.g. nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), steel, magnesium (Mg), Copper (Cu) and Aluminium (Al) alloys ; reduces porosity, enhances mechanical strength and thermal creep resistance, impact energy, offset yield strength, micro-hardness, and provides superior ultimate tensile strength.
Helps prevent degradation from corrosive agents and oxidation, confers antimicrobial, anti-fungal and antiviral properties.
It reduces the coefficient of thermal expansion so as to provide a more dimensionally stable nanocomposite system and simultaneously serves as a halogen-free flame retardant.
EPOXY S-FILLER
NANOARCHITECTURE : ~ 1.4 nm spherical nanoparticles
SURFACE AREA (BET) : 1,486,388 cm²/g
MOHS HARDNESS : 6 - 7
COLOUR : CREAM-White / WHITE Nanopowder
HEAT RESISTANCE : Up to 1630 °C (2970°F)
DOSAGE : ~ 0.0001 - 0.005 wt %
APPLICATIONS : Nano-filler for Resin Reinforcement and enhanced mechanical strength, Achieves good dispersion within a polymer to improve the elongation distance, tensile stress, and tensile force of e.g. silicon rubber composites, Acts as an Adhesive and Anti-Static Agent for composit coatings.
EPOXY Q-FILLER
NANOARCHITECTURE : < 10 nm spherical particles
SURFACE AREA (BET) : 415300 cm²/g
MOHS HARDNESS : 4.5
THERMAL STABILITY : Up to 1975 ° C (3587 ° F)
COLOUR : White Nanopowder
DOSAGE : ~ 0.001 - 0.07 wt %
APPLICATIONS : UV blocking, Antibacterial, Anticorrosion, Antifouling agent, Essential Additive for Resin Reinforcement, Halogen-Free Flame retardant. Photoinitiator for photo-curable coatings and adhesives.
EPOXY C-FILLER
NANOARCHITECTURE : < 25 nm Spherical hollow nanoparticles
SURFACE AREA (BET) : 388000 cm²/g
MOHS HARDNESS : 3
THERMAL STABILITY : Up to 825 ° C (1098.15 ° F)
COLOUR : White Nanopowder
DOSAGE : ~ 0.003 - 0.01 wt %
APPLICATIONS : Adhesive, resin filler, sealant, acidity regulator, non-abrasive, improves stiffness and mechanical strength of polymers, reduces shrinkage, increased thermal conductivity, improved creep resistance, increases impact strength.
It increases crystallization temperature and shorter cycle times for injection molding. The nanopowder can be dispersed directly into plastic materials while in the extruder or injection molding machine.
EPOXY Q-FLEX
NANOARCHITECTURE : Atomically Thin Sheets/Flakes ( < 1 nm Thickness)
SURFACE AREA (BET) : 635200 cm²/g
MOHS HARDNESS : 4.5
THERMAL STABILITY : Up to 1975 ° C (3587 ° F)
COLOUR : White Nanopowder
DOSAGE : ~ 0.001 - 0.05 wt %
APPLICATIONS : Enhanced UV blocking, Antibacterial, Anticorrosion, Antifouling agent, Essential Additive for Resin Reinforcement, Superior Flexural & Tensile Strength Enhancement than Epoxy Q-Filler , non-abrasive, Halogen-Free Flame retardant. Photoinitiator for photo-curable coatings and adhesives.
QS-SHIELD I
NANOARCHITECTURE : Nanospheres
DIMENSION : ~ 8 nm diameter
MOHS HARDNESS : 9 - 10
COLOUR : Bluish-Black/Midnight Blue Nanopowder
THERMAL STABILITY : Up to 2830 °C (5130 °F)
BAND GAP : ~ 1.8 eV
DOSAGE : ~ 0.001 - 0.03 wt % (depending on desired performance)
APPLICATIONS : High-grade refractory material, high stress/strain tolerance, high abrasion resistance, high performance ceramic brake discs, lightening arrester, semiconductor, mirror material for astronomical telescopes, nuclear fuel particle ( Tristructural-isotropic - TRISO fuel) cladding material to retain fission products at elevated temperatures confer more structural integrity to TRISO particles, fuel for steel production, nanocatalyst, high wear-resistance fishing rod guides.
High infrared absorption, helps serve as a stealth layer or infrared camouflage coatings/composites :
APPROX. 30 - 50 % absorption between 800 - 1000 nm
APPROX. 45 - 55% absorption between 1100 - 1500 nm
APPROX. 55 - 75% absorption between 1750 - 2000 nm
APPROX. 80 - 87% absorption between 2000 - 2500 nm
QS-SHIELD II
NANOARCHITECTURE : Nanotubes
DIMENSION : < 3 nm diameter, up to 10 µm in length
MOHS HARDNESS : 9 - 10
COLOUR : Grey/Whitish-Grey Nanopowder
THERMAL STABILITY : Up to 2830 °C (5130 °F)
BAND GAP : 2.1 - 3.0 eV
DOSAGE : ~ 0.001 - 0.01 wt % (depending on desired performance)
APPLICATIONS : High-grade refractory material, higher stress/strain tolerance, higher abrasion resistance, high performance ceramic brake discs, lightening arrester, semiconductor, mirror material for astronomical telescopes, nuclear fuel particle ( Tristructural-isotropic - TRISO fuel) cladding material to retain fission products at elevated temperatures confer more structural integrity to TRISO particles, fuel for steel production, nanocatalyst, higher wear-resistance fishing rod guides.
High infrared absorption, helps serve as a stealth layer or infrared camouflage coatings/composites :
APPROX. 40% absorption between 800 - 1000 nm
APPROX. 50 - 60% absorption between 1100 - 1500 nm
APPROX. 80% absorption between 1750 - 2000 nm
APPROX. 90% absorption between 2000 - 2500 nm
QB-SHIELD II
NANOARCHITECTURE : Nanotubes
DIMENSION : < 25 nm diameter
MOHS HARDNESS : 9.5 - 10
THERMAL STABILITY : Up to 2973 °C (5383 °F)
COLOUR : Beige/Whitish Nanopowder
DOSE : 0.001 - 1 wt % Or as needed for the nature of radiation exposure
APPLICATIONS : Neutron absorber, heat shielding material, rocket engine component, Abrasion resistant - High-speed cutting coating, plastic resin sealing desiccant polymer additives, high temperature lubricant, insulation, high-voltage high frequency electricity, plasma arc's insulators, high-frequency induction furnace material, cooling components, composite ceramic.
QM-SHIELD
NANOARCHITECTURE : Atomically Thin Sheets/Flakes ( < 1 nm Thickness)
SURFACE AREA (BET) : 495500 cm²/g
THERMAL STABILITY : Up to 1597 °C (2907 °F)
COLOUR : Black/Blackish-Brown Nanopowder
MOHS HARDNESS : 5 - 6
DOSAGE : ~ 0.005 - 0.1 wt % for the nature of radiation exposure and environment of application
APPLICATIONS : Photoinitiator, Gamma radiation shielding, magnetorheological fluids, electromagnetic wave absorption, increases epoxy glass transition temperature, increased thermal transport.