The life support system on the space station requires the extraction of humidity, airborne pathogen and pollutants from the air, prohibit it from becoming toxic to inhale. These sorbents or purifying agents typically lose their potency within a limited time frame, making it necessary for the filtration systems to be replaced regularly.
As astronauts venture to explore locations father out into the solar system, the benefits of frequent replenishment of mission supplies will not be possible. It is hence necessary to consider the weight and space limitations associated with packing all the necessary supplies that will be required for such long term exploratory mission.
THE PRIMARY SOLUTION
The service lifetime of a sorbent material, depends on its surface area. The higher it is, the longer the system will last in its role of air purification. To resolve the issues of both space and weight, the surface area of the sorbent and or purifying materials needs to be substantially increased.
THE ESSENCE OF QUANTUM MATERIALS
Quantum materials, by virtue of their ultrafine nanoscopic scale, posses a much higher surface area than regular materials, which makes them more reactive and effective in performing their duty at very minute volumes.
To put this into perspective; 1 kg of particles of 1 mm3 have the same surface area as 1 mg of nanoparticles of 1 nm3 . This means, to achieve the same gaseous sorbent goals as attained by 1kg of the regular 1 mm3 particles, only 1 mg of 1nm3 nanoparticles would be needed.